حل بكالوريا 2014 لغة إنجليزية شعبة آداب وفلسفة — الموضوع الأول مفصّل خطوة بخطوة
شعبة آداب وفلسفة · الموضوع الأول · على 20 · 24 سؤالاً
Part One — A. Comprehension: Muslims and Human Civilization 7 ن
Muslims and Human Civilization
§1 The additions of the Muslims to the Human Civilization are a fact that cannot be denied. The greatest non-Muslim scholars have stood a testimony to this fact in the numerous books they produced over centuries. It has been revealed that the Muslims made great and revolutionary contributions to the knowledge that existed then. Without their motion, we would make a serious injustice on our own civilization and modern values.
§2 No discipline is void of the Muslims’ names. It is a purely negative attitude from the part of non-Muslims to forget [their] transition from the Greek to the Western supremacy.
§3 The Muslims, on the one hand, mediated the Greek and Latin knowledge and on the other hand, made considerable improvements and commentaries on the existing work. They added, for the first time, experiment and observation to science. [They] founded new branches that were still unknown. They preserved their global heritage of what is called ‘science’ for the following generations in the east and the west.
§4 The preservation of this precious heritage is an unforgettable contribution of the Muslims to the human efforts. But the Muslims had meant much more than those simple transliterators or mediators. They were discoverers and inventors, too. They were a part of the modern science tradition that the Greeks, Romans, Indians and Chinese had promulgated centuries before.
Adapted from ‘The Regional Conference on the Muslim Civilization’. Dallas, Texas. June 2001
(الكلمتان بين معقوفين [ ] هما المسطرتان في ورقة الامتحان.)
- 1-A0,5 نWrite the letter which corresponds to the right answer. The non-Muslims recognized Muslim contributions in their
- a cooperation.
- b collaboration.
- c publications.
الحل
- الفقرة الأولى: «The greatest non-Muslim scholars have stood a testimony to this fact in the numerous books they produced».
- الكتب التي ألفوها هي منشوراتهم: publications.
الجواب c. publications.
انتبه اختيار collaboration لأن النص يتحدث عن تعاون الحضارات: السؤال عن مكان الاعتراف لا عن طبيعة العلاقة.
- 1-B0,5 نWrite the letter which corresponds to the right answer. Experiment and observation were first introduced by the
- a Greek civilization.
- b Muslim civilization.
- c Latin civilization.
الحل
- الفقرة الثالثة: «They added, for the first time, experiment and observation to science.»
- They تعود إلى المسلمين، فالجواب Muslim civilization.
الجواب b. Muslim civilization.
- 2-a0,5 نAre these statements true or false? a. In their writings, non-Muslims have ignored the Islamic additions to their heritage.
- T True
- F False
الحل
- النص يقول إن كبار العلماء غير المسلمين شهدوا بهذه الإسهامات في كتبهم: «have stood a testimony to this fact in the numerous books they produced».
- إذن لم يتجاهلوها في كتاباتهم: False.
الجواب False.
- 2-b0,5 نAre these statements true or false? b. There are still non-Muslims who do not recognize the Muslims’ contributions.
- T True
- F False
الحل
- الفقرة الثانية: «It is a purely negative attitude from the part of non-Muslims to forget their transition...».
- هناك إذن من غير المسلمين من ينكر هذا الدور: True.
الجواب True.
- 2-c0,5 نAre these statements true or false? c. The Muslims have just transliterated the knowledge of other civilizations.
- T True
- F False
الحل
- الفقرة الرابعة: «the Muslims had meant much more than those simple transliterators or mediators. They were discoverers and inventors, too.»
- كلمة just (فقط) تجعل العبارة خاطئة: False.
الجواب False.
انتبه الاكتفاء بقراءة «mediated the Greek and Latin knowledge» وإهمال بقية النص.
- 3-a0,5 نIn which paragraph is it mentioned that a. Muslims made important contributions to modern civilization? (اكتب رقم الفقرة، مثلاً: §2)
الحل
- الفقرة الأولى: «the Muslims made great and revolutionary contributions to the knowledge that existed then» و «our own civilization and modern values».
الجواب §1
- 3-b0,5 نIn which paragraph is it mentioned that b. Muslims contributed to the evolution of scientific research? (اكتب رقم الفقرة، مثلاً: §2)
الحل
- الفقرة الثالثة: أضافوا التجربة والملاحظة إلى العلم وأسسوا فروعاً جديدة: «They added, for the first time, experiment and observation to science. They founded new branches».
الجواب §3
- 4-a1 نAnswer the following questions according to the text. a. Did the Muslims contribute to the Human Civilization?
الحل
- سؤال بـ Did يُجاب بـ Yes/No مع الفاعل والمساعد: Yes, they did.
- الدليل: «The additions of the Muslims to the Human Civilization are a fact that cannot be denied.»
الجواب Yes, they did.
انتبه الإجابة بـ Yes فقط دون they did.
- 4-b1 نAnswer the following questions according to the text. b. What did the Muslims bring to science?
الحل
- الجملة المطلوبة في الفقرة الثالثة: «They added, for the first time, experiment and observation to science.»
- الجواب بجملة كاملة: The Muslims added, for the first time, experiment and observation to science.
الجواب The Muslims added, for the first time, experiment and observation to science.
- 4-c1 نAnswer the following questions according to the text. c. Did the Muslims only transliterate and mediate other cultural heritages? Justify.
الحل
- الجواب: No, they didn’t.
- التبرير من الفقرة الرابعة: «They were discoverers and inventors, too.»
الجواب No, they didn’t. They were also discoverers and inventors.
انتبه نسيان التبرير (Justify) وهو جزء من العلامة.
- 5-a0,25 نWho or what do the underlined words refer to in the text? a. their (§ 2) (اكتب الكلمة أو العبارة من النص.)
الحل
- their في «non-Muslims to forget their transition» تُحيل حسب الإجابة الرسمية إلى non-Muslims، وهو أقرب اسم جمع قبلها.
- ملاحظة: يمكن فهم «their transition» أيضاً على أنها دور المسلمين في نقل المعرفة، لكن سلم التنقيط يعتمد non-Muslims.
الجواب their → non-Muslims (حسب الإجابة الرسمية).
- 5-b0,25 نWho or what do the underlined words refer to in the text? b. they (§ 3) (اكتب الكلمة أو العبارة من النص.)
الحل
- الفقرة الثالثة كلها عن المسلمين: «The Muslims... They added... They founded...»، فـ They = the Muslims.
الجواب they → the Muslims
Part One — B. Text Exploration 8 ن
- 1-a0,5 نFind in the text words that are synonyms to the following: a. evidence (§1) (اكتب الكلمة فقط.)
الحل
- «The additions of the Muslims... are a fact that cannot be denied»: fact بمعنى الحقيقة الثابتة = evidence.
الجواب fact
انتبه اختيار testimony: الإجابة الرسمية fact.
- 1-b0,5 نFind in the text words that are synonyms to the following: b. established (§3) (اكتب الكلمة فقط.)
الحل
- «They founded new branches»: founded = established، وكلاهما فعل في الماضي.
الجواب founded
- 1-c0,5 نFind in the text words that are synonyms to the following: c. valuable (§4) (اكتب الكلمة فقط.)
الحل
- «The preservation of this precious heritage»: precious صفة = valuable.
الجواب precious
- 2-10,5 نComplete the chart as shown in the example (produce / product / productive). Row 1: Verb …… / Noun …… / Adjective: founded (اكتب الفعل ثم الاسم مفصولين بفاصلة، مثلاً: to produce, product)
الحل
- founded صفة من الفعل to found (أسّس)، لا من find.
- الاسم: foundation (التأسيس) أو founder (المؤسس)؛ 0.25 لكل خانة.
الجواب to found / foundation (or founder) / founded
انتبه كتابة to find: founded هنا من found.
- 2-20,5 نComplete the chart as shown in the example (produce / product / productive). Row 2: Verb: preserve / Noun …… / Adjective …… (اكتب الاسم ثم الصفة مفصولين بفاصلة.)
الحل
- الاسم بإضافة -ation: preservation.
- الصفة: preserved؛ 0.25 لكل خانة.
الجواب preserve / preservation / preserved
- 2-30,5 نComplete the chart as shown in the example (produce / product / productive). Row 3: Verb …… / Noun: modernity / Adjective …… (اكتب الفعل ثم الصفة مفصولين بفاصلة.)
الحل
- modernity = modern + -ity، فالصفة modern.
- الفعل modern + -ize: to modernize؛ 0.25 لكل خانة.
الجواب to modernize / modernity / modern
- 3-11 نRewrite sentence (b) so that it means the same as sentence (a). a. They founded new unknown branches. b. New unknown branches…… (اكتب الجملة (b) كاملة.)
الحل
- تحويل إلى المبني للمجهول: المفعول به new unknown branches يصير فاعلاً.
- founded ماضٍ بسيط والفاعل الجديد جمع: were + founded.
- by them اختيارية لأن الفاعل ضمير.
الجواب New unknown branches were founded (by them).
انتبه are founded: تغيير الزمن.
- 3-21 نRewrite sentence (b) so that it means the same as sentence (a). a. The non-Muslims testified: “The Muslims have contributed to the human civilizations.” b. The non-Muslims testified that…… (اكتب الجملة (b) كاملة.)
الحل
- فعل القول testified في الماضي، فيرجع الزمن خطوة.
- have contributed (present perfect) يصير had contributed (past perfect).
- تحذف علامات التنصيص ويبقى الباقي.
الجواب The non-Muslims testified that the Muslims had contributed to the human civilizations.
انتبه إبقاء have contributed.
- 3-31 نRewrite sentence (b) so that it means the same as sentence (a). a. The Muslims’ contributions were so important that no one could deny them. b. The Muslims’ contributions were of…… (اكتب الجملة (b) كاملة.)
الحل
- so + صفة (so important) يصير such + اسم (such importance) لأن of يتطلب اسماً.
- الإجابة الرسمية: «of such an importance that no one could deny that»، ويبقى them صحيحاً.
الجواب The Muslims’ contributions were of such an importance that no one could deny them.
انتبه كتابة of so important: بعد of لا تأتي صفة.
أدوات الربط: النتيجة، السبب، التعارض، الشرط، الزمن (Linking Words)
- 41 نClassify the following words according to the pronunciation of their final “ed”: /t/, /d/, /ɪd/. denied - produced - preserved - promulgated. (اكتب صوت ed لكل كلمة بالترتيب مفصولة بفواصل، مثلاً: t, d, id, t)
الحل
- denied: آخر صوت حرف صوتي /aɪ/ فهو /d/.
- produced: آخر صوت /s/ مهموس فهو /t/.
- preserved: آخر صوت /v/ مجهور فهو /d/.
- promulgated: آخر صوت /t/ فهو /ɪd/؛ 0.25 لكل كلمة.
الجواب /d/: denied, preserved · /t/: produced · /ɪd/: promulgated
انتبه وضع produced في /d/ لأنها تنتهي كتابةً بـ e.
- 51 نReorder the following sentences to make a coherent passage. a. which was for the benefit of all humans. b. In the Middle Ages, when the West was torn by wars and ignorance, c. It carried the torch of science and thought d. the Islamic civilization flourished considerably. (اكتب الحروف بالترتيب مفصولة بفواصل، مثلاً: a, c, b, d)
الحل
- b تبدأ بحرف كبير وتنتهي بفاصلة: البداية.
- d تكمل الجملة بالفاعل والفعل: the Islamic civilization flourished.
- c تبدأ بـ It العائدة على the Islamic civilization.
- a تبدأ بـ which وتكمل c وتنتهي بنقطة.
الجواب b - d - c - a
Part Two — Written Expression 5 ن
- W5 نChoose ONE of the following topics. Topic One: Using the following notes, write a composition of 100 to 120 words on the great achievements made by the Islamic civilization in different fields. - developed architecture (mosques, castles, houses…) - spread literature and arts (music, books, poetry…) - made many discoveries/ inventions (medicine, astronomy, chemistry…) Topic Two: Write a composition of 100 to 120 words on the following: Citizens play a crucial role in fighting corruption. In your opinion, what does this role consist of?
الحل
- Topic One — الخطة: مقدمة (الحضارة الإسلامية أثّرت في كل المجالات) ثم العمارة ثم الأدب والفنون ثم العلوم ثم خاتمة.
- Topic One — نموذج: The Islamic civilization made great achievements in many fields. First, Muslims developed architecture. They built beautiful mosques, such as the Great Mosque of Cordoba, as well as castles, palaces and comfortable houses with gardens and fountains. Second, they spread literature and arts. Poetry, music and calligraphy flourished, and thousands of books were written and translated in libraries like the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. Moreover, Muslim scholars made many discoveries and inventions. Ibn Sina wrote famous books in medicine, Al-Biruni studied astronomy and Jabir Ibn Hayyan laid the foundations of chemistry. To conclude, the Islamic civilization was a bridge of knowledge, and modern science owes it a lot.
- Topic Two — الخطة: مقدمة (الفساد يهدد التنمية، ولا تكفي الدولة وحدها) ثم أدوار المواطن: رفض الرشوة، التبليغ عن الفاسدين، توعية الآخرين، المشاركة في الجمعيات والانتخابات، ثم خاتمة.
- Topic Two — نموذج: Corruption is a serious problem that slows down the development of any country, and the government alone cannot eradicate it. In my opinion, citizens play a crucial role in this fight. First, they should refuse to give or accept bribes, even to get a service quickly. Second, they must report corrupt officials to the police or to the anti-corruption authorities. In addition, citizens can raise people's awareness through associations, schools and social media about the dangers of fraud and embezzlement. Finally, they should vote for honest candidates and be good examples of integrity in their daily lives. In short, if every citizen behaves responsibly, corruption will decrease.
- سلم التنقيط الرسمي: Topic One — form 3 pts, content 2 pts؛ Topic Two — form 2.5 pts, content 2.5 pts.
- الشكل: سلامة اللغة (الأزمنة، التوافق، الإملاء)، التنظيم (مقدمة، عرض، خاتمة)، أدوات الربط، احترام عدد الكلمات. المضمون: مطابقة الموضوع، استغلال الملاحظات، وجاهة الأفكار.
الجواب فقرة من 100 إلى 120 كلمة: مقدمة، عرض منظم بأدوات ربط يستغل الملاحظات (الموضوع 1) أو يقدم رأياً مدعماً (الموضوع 2)، وخاتمة.
انتبه معالجة الموضوعين معاً: اختر موضوعاً واحداً.