حل بكالوريا 2014 لغة إنجليزية شعبة لغات أجنبية — الموضوع الثاني مفصّل خطوة بخطوة
شعبة لغات أجنبية · الموضوع الثاني · على 20 · 32 سؤالاً
Part One — A. Comprehension: Sparta 7 ن
§1 Sparta was one of the most important cities in Ancient Greece and it was a very different kind of city state. The life of the people of Sparta was a very strict [one], similar to the military. The Spartans were proud, fierce and capable warriors. Young boys were taken from their homes at an early age to begin military training. Young girls were forced to maintain a healthy way of life in order to produce healthy children and were sent to school to learn how to fight and to become soldiers, too.
§2 Most Spartan citizens were either Perioeci (citizens who paid taxes, served in the army and were protected by Spartan laws) or Helots (people from lands conquered and ruled by Sparta who had no rights). Spartan citizens were given land which was farmed for them by the Helots. The Helots were treated as slaves and had to give half their crops to their Spartan master. It was a common belief that the Helots were public property. [They] were seen as the enemy even though they were actually slaves. The Helots sweated in the fields, but their resentment grew. Finally, they rose up and fought their Spartan masters and the fighting continued for many years. But the Spartans eventually gained victory and so became more powerful.
§3 The Spartans became wealthy through trading in luxury goods of gold, silver and other materials. Besides, they produced beautiful things as [their] wealth increased. Ivory carvings were desired across Greek lands, bronze-work and pottery were exported to Italy.
Adapted from: greece.mrdonn.org
(الكلمات بين معقوفين [ ] هي المسطرة في ورقة الامتحان.)
- 10,5 نWrite the letter that corresponds to the right answer a, b or c. The text is taken from a:
- a magazine
- b website
- c newspaper
الحل
- المرجع «Adapted from: greece.mrdonn.org» عنوان موقع إلكتروني: website.
الجواب b. website
- 2-a0,5 نAre these statements true or false? a. Only Spartan male citizens were trained to fight.
- T True
- F False
الحل
- §1: الفتيات أيضاً «were sent to school to learn how to fight and to become soldiers, too»: كلمة Only تجعلها False.
الجواب False.
- 2-b0,5 نAre these statements true or false? b. The Perioeci class was a wealthy one.
- T True
- F False
الحل
- §2: البيريويكي مواطنون «who paid taxes, served in the army and were protected by Spartan laws»، والمواطنون أُعطوا أراضي يزرعها لهم الهيلوت.
- الإجابة الرسمية: True. ملاحظة: النص لا يصف ثروتهم صراحة، فالحكم مستنتج من دفعهم الضرائب وامتلاكهم الأراضي.
الجواب True (حسب الإجابة الرسمية).
- 2-c0,5 نAre these statements true or false? c. The Helots uprose against the Spartans.
- T True
- F False
الحل
- §2: «Finally, they rose up and fought their Spartan masters»: True.
الجواب True.
- 2-d0,5 نAre these statements true or false? d. No great works of art came from Sparta.
- T True
- F False
الحل
- §3: «Ivory carvings were desired across Greek lands, bronze-work and pottery were exported to Italy»: False.
الجواب False.
- 3-a0,5 نIn which paragraph is it mentioned that… a. the Helots were considered a permanent threat by the Spartans? (اكتب رقم الفقرة، مثلاً: §2)
الحل
- §2: «They were seen as the enemy even though they were actually slaves.»
الجواب §2
- 3-b0,5 نIn which paragraph is it mentioned that… b. the Spartans led a severe military life? (اكتب رقم الفقرة، مثلاً: §2)
الحل
- §1: «The life of the people of Sparta was a very strict one, similar to the military.»
الجواب §1
- 4-a0,75 نAnswer the following questions according to the text. a. What was the Spartan’s life like?
الحل
- §1: «The life of the people of Sparta was a very strict one, similar to the military.»
الجواب It was a very strict one, similar to the military.
- 4-b0,75 نAnswer the following questions according to the text. b. How were the Helots treated?
الحل
- §2: «The Helots were treated as slaves and had to give half their crops to their Spartan master.»
- الجواب: They were treated as slaves (maltreated).
الجواب They were considered as slaves / maltreated.
- 4-c0,75 نAnswer the following questions according to the text. c. What made Sparta a rich city state?
الحل
- §3: «The Spartans became wealthy through trading in luxury goods of gold, silver and other materials.»
الجواب Trading in luxury goods of gold, silver and other materials.
- 50,5 نCopy the letter that corresponds to the right answer. The text is:
- a prescriptive
- b narrative
- c argumentative
الحل
- النص يروي أحداثاً ماضية (were taken, rose up, fought, gained victory) بأفعال في الماضي: narrative.
- ليس فيه تعليمات (prescriptive) ولا دفاع عن رأي (argumentative).
الجواب b. narrative
- 6-a0,25 نWho or what do the underlined words refer to in the text? a. one (§1) (اكتب الكلمة أو العبارة من النص.)
الحل
- «The life of the people of Sparta was a very strict one»: one تعوّض life لتجنب التكرار.
الجواب one → life
- 6-b0,25 نWho or what do the underlined words refer to in the text? b. they (§2) (اكتب الكلمة أو العبارة من النص.)
الحل
- «the Helots were public property. They were seen as the enemy»: They = the Helots.
الجواب they → the Helots
- 6-c0,25 نWho or what do the underlined words refer to in the text? c. their (§3) (اكتب الكلمة أو العبارة من النص.)
الحل
- «The Spartans became wealthy... they produced beautiful things as their wealth increased»: their = the Spartans.
الجواب their → the Spartans
Part One — B. Text Exploration 7 ن
- 1-a0,25 نFind in the text words or phrases that are closest in meaning to the following: a. violent (§1) (اكتب الكلمة فقط.)
الحل
- «proud, fierce and capable warriors»: fierce = violent.
الجواب fierce
- 1-b0,25 نFind in the text words or phrases that are closest in meaning to the following: b. governed (§2) (اكتب الكلمة فقط.)
الحل
- «lands conquered and ruled by Sparta»: ruled = governed.
الجواب ruled
- 1-c0,25 نFind in the text words or phrases that are closest in meaning to the following: c. hatred (§2) (اكتب الكلمة فقط.)
الحل
- «their resentment grew»: resentment = hatred.
الجواب resentment
- 1-d0,25 نFind in the text words or phrases that are closest in meaning to the following: d. commerce (§3) (اكتب الكلمة فقط.)
الحل
- «through trading in luxury goods»: trading = commerce.
الجواب trading
- 2-10,5 نComplete the chart as shown in the example (to differ / difference / different). Row 1: Verb …… / Noun: strength / Adjective …… (اكتب الفعل ثم الصفة مفصولين بفاصلة.)
الحل
- الصفة: strong.
- الفعل: strength + -en = to strengthen؛ 0.25 لكل خانة.
الجواب to strengthen / strength / strong
- 2-20,5 نComplete the chart as shown in the example (to differ / difference / different). Row 2: Verb: to create / Noun …… / Adjective …… (اكتب الاسم ثم الصفة مفصولين بفاصلة.)
الحل
- الاسم: creation أو creativity أو creator (كلها مقبولة في الإجابة الرسمية).
- الصفة: creative؛ 0.25 لكل خانة.
الجواب to create / creation (creativity, creator) / creative
- 2-30,5 نComplete the chart as shown in the example (to differ / difference / different). Row 3: Verb …… / Noun …… / Adjective: free (اكتب الفعل ثم الاسم مفصولين بفاصلة.)
الحل
- الفعل من نفس لفظ الصفة: to free.
- الاسم: free + -dom = freedom؛ 0.25 لكل خانة.
الجواب to free / freedom / free
- 3-a0,5 نCombine the pairs of sentences using the connectors provided (provided that - as well as - although - because). Make the necessary changes. a. Young girls were forced to maintain a healthy way of life. They had to produce healthy children. (اكتب الجملة كاملة.)
الحل
- الجملة الثانية سبب الأولى: because.
- Young girls were forced to maintain a healthy way of life because they had to produce healthy children.
الجواب Young girls were forced to maintain a healthy way of life because they had to produce healthy children.
أدوات الربط: النتيجة، السبب، التعارض، الشرط، الزمن (Linking Words)
- 3-b0,5 نCombine the pairs of sentences using the connectors provided (provided that - as well as - although - because). Make the necessary changes. b. The Helots fought for their freedom. They were defeated. (اكتب الجملة كاملة.)
الحل
- النتيجة (الهزيمة) عكس المتوقع من الكفاح: تعارض، الأداة although.
- Although the Helots fought for their freedom, they were defeated.
الجواب Although the Helots fought for their freedom, they were defeated.
أدوات الربط: النتيجة، السبب، التعارض، الشرط، الزمن (Linking Words)
- 3-c0,5 نCombine the pairs of sentences using the connectors provided (provided that - as well as - although - because). Make the necessary changes. c. Our economy flourishes. We enhance agriculture. (اكتب الجملة كاملة.)
الحل
- تطوير الفلاحة شرط لازدهار الاقتصاد: provided that.
- الشرط في المضارع (we enhance)، والنتيجة بـ will أو can: Our economy will flourish.
- as well as أداة زائدة لا تُستعمل.
الجواب Our economy will/can flourish provided that we enhance agriculture.
انتبه provided that we will enhance: لا will بعد أداة الشرط.
أدوات الربط: النتيجة، السبب، التعارض، الشرط، الزمن (Linking Words)جمل الشرط و unless (Conditional Sentences)
- 4-a0,5 نGive the correct form of the verbs between brackets: a. If the Spartans hadn't given much importance to their soldiers they (not/to make) a strong army. (اكتب صيغة الفعل فقط.)
الحل
- If + had/hadn't + V3: شرط من النوع الثالث.
- الجواب: would (not) have + V3 = would not have made.
الجواب would not have made
انتبه would not make: هذا جواب النوع الثاني.
- 4-b0,5 نGive the correct form of the verbs between brackets: b. After the Spartans (to defeat) the Helots, they became much more powerful. (اكتب صيغة الفعل فقط.)
الحل
- حدثان في الماضي، والهزيمة هي الأسبق بعد after: الماضي التام.
- had + defeated.
الجواب had defeated
- 51 نClassify the following words according to the pronunciation of the final ‘s’: /s/, /z/, /ɪz/. boys - warriors - barracks - businesses (اكتب صوت s لكل كلمة بالترتيب مفصولة بفواصل، مثلاً: s, z, iz, s)
الحل
- boys: بعد صوت صائت /ɔɪ/ فهي /z/.
- warriors: آخر صوت مجهور فهي /z/.
- barracks: آخر صوت /k/ مهموس فهي /s/.
- businesses: الجذر business ينتهي بـ /s/ فهي /ɪz/؛ 0.25 لكل كلمة.
الجواب /s/: barracks · /z/: boys, warriors · /ɪz/: businesses
- 6-10,25 نFill in the gaps with words from the list. Ancient Sparta gave such a big importance to its ...(1)... that all the boys were brought up in a way that ...(2)... their physical fitness, courage and ...(3).... Only very little …(4)… was devoted to leisure or family life. (Spartans - time - army - obedience - emphasized – girls) Which word goes in gap (1)?
- Spartans Spartans
- time time
- army army
- obedience obedience
- emphasized emphasized
- girls girls
الحل
- بعد its نحتاج اسماً مفرداً تهتم به إسبرطة: its army.
الجواب (1) army
- 6-20,25 نFill in the gaps with words from the list. Ancient Sparta gave such a big importance to its ...(1)... that all the boys were brought up in a way that ...(2)... their physical fitness, courage and ...(3).... Only very little …(4)… was devoted to leisure or family life. (Spartans - time - army - obedience - emphasized – girls) Which word goes in gap (2)?
- Spartans Spartans
- time time
- army army
- obedience obedience
- emphasized emphasized
- girls girls
الحل
- بعد in a way that نحتاج فعلاً في الماضي: emphasized their physical fitness.
الجواب (2) emphasized
- 6-30,25 نFill in the gaps with words from the list. Ancient Sparta gave such a big importance to its ...(1)... that all the boys were brought up in a way that ...(2)... their physical fitness, courage and ...(3).... Only very little …(4)… was devoted to leisure or family life. (Spartans - time - army - obedience - emphasized – girls) Which word goes in gap (3)?
- Spartans Spartans
- time time
- army army
- obedience obedience
- emphasized emphasized
- girls girls
الحل
- بعد and اسم من نوع fitness و courage: obedience.
الجواب (3) obedience
- 6-40,25 نFill in the gaps with words from the list. Ancient Sparta gave such a big importance to its ...(1)... that all the boys were brought up in a way that ...(2)... their physical fitness, courage and ...(3).... Only very little …(4)… was devoted to leisure or family life. (Spartans - time - army - obedience - emphasized – girls) Which word goes in gap (4)?
- Spartans Spartans
- time time
- army army
- obedience obedience
- emphasized emphasized
- girls girls
الحل
- Only very little time was devoted to leisure: time اسم غير معدود يناسب little.
الجواب (4) time
Part Two — Written Expression 6 ن
- W6 نChoose ONE of the following topics. Topic One: Using the following notes, write a composition of 120 to 150 words to describe the daily life of the people of ancient Greece. - houses: built, clay-brick, stone, more than one room, a courtyard - food: varied, fruits, vegetables, fish, rarely eat meat only in religious feasts - clothes: home-made, decorated to represent their city-states - entertainment: dance, music …………… Topic Two: Counterfeiting and piracy lead to negative effects. Write a composition of 120 to 150 words about the impact of such practices on people's life.
الحل
- Topic One — الخطة: مقدمة، ثم البيوت، الغذاء، اللباس، الترفيه، ثم خاتمة.
- Topic One — نموذج: The people of ancient Greece led a simple but organized daily life. Their houses were built of clay bricks or stone. They usually had more than one room and an open courtyard in the middle, where the family worked and rested. As for food, the Greeks had a varied diet. They ate fruits, vegetables, bread, olives and a lot of fish, but they rarely ate meat, only during religious feasts. Their clothes were home-made from wool or linen, and they were decorated with patterns that represented their city-states. In their free time, the Greeks enjoyed entertainment. They loved dancing and music, they went to the theatre and they took part in sports competitions such as the Olympic Games. In short, their daily life reflected a rich civilization that still inspires us today.
- Topic Two — الخطة: مقدمة (تعريف التقليد والقرصنة وانتشارهما)، الآثار الصحية والأمنية، الآثار الاقتصادية، الآثار على المبدعين، خاتمة ودعوة.
- Topic Two — نموذج: Counterfeiting and piracy mean copying products, brands, films or software and selling them as genuine. These practices have become widespread, and they badly affect people's lives. First, counterfeit goods are often dangerous. Fake medicines, spare parts and toys do not respect safety standards, so they can cause illness, accidents or even death. Second, these practices harm the economy. Honest companies lose money and cannot create jobs, and the state loses taxes. Moreover, piracy discourages creators: writers, musicians and programmers are not paid for their work, so they produce less. Consumers are also cheated because they pay for low-quality products that do not last. In conclusion, counterfeiting and piracy may seem cheap, but their cost is very high. Everyone should buy genuine products and respect intellectual property.
- سلم التنقيط الرسمي: Topic One — form 3.5 pts, content 2.5 pts؛ Topic Two — form 3 pts, content 3 pts.
- الشكل: سلامة اللغة (الأزمنة خاصة الماضي في الموضوع الأول)، التنظيم، أدوات الربط، احترام عدد الكلمات. المضمون: مطابقة الموضوع، استغلال الملاحظات، وجاهة الأفكار.
الجواب نص من 120 إلى 150 كلمة: وصف بالماضي للحياة اليومية في اليونان القديمة (الموضوع 1) أو آثار التقليد والقرصنة (الموضوع 2)، بمقدمة وعرض مرتب وخاتمة.
انتبه وصف اليونان القديمة بالمضارع.